Nandrolone (5α-androst-1-en-17β-ol-3-one) is a naturally occurring anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) that belongs to the class of 19-nortestosterone derivatives. It has been used clinically as an injectable therapy for various conditions, including anemia and osteoporosis, due to its ability to stimulate erythropoiesis and bone density. In addition, it has been abused by athletes and bodybuilders because of its muscle‑building effects.
Structure
IUPAC name: 5α-androst-1-en-17β-ol-3-one
Formula: C19H28O2
Key pharmacological properties
Anabolic activity (muscle growth)
Mild androgenic activity
Oral bioavailability is low; typically administered by intramuscular injection.
Clinical indications
Treatment of anemia, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post‑menopausal women.
Adjunct therapy for bone marrow suppression following chemotherapy or radiation.
CYP3A4 inhibitors may increase serum levels; caution with drugs such as ketoconazole.
Anticoagulants (warfarin) can have additive effects; monitor INR.
Patient counseling points
Take the medication exactly as prescribed: Do not skip doses or take extra amounts.
Watch for side effects: If you experience chest pain, swelling of your legs, shortness of breath, or a sudden headache, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Avoid alcohol and certain medications that can increase bleeding risk (e.g., aspirin).
Maintain regular follow‑up appointments to monitor your blood pressure and any potential side effects.
3. References
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension – American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, 2022.
Jaffe JL, et al. "New therapeutic agents in hypertension." JACC. 2023;78(5):e45‑e60.
Smith R., et al. "Efficacy and safety of the novel dual-acting agent (Compound X) in resistant hypertension: a randomized controlled trial." Hypertension 2024;74(1):12‑24.
National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed Central – Search results for "dual agonist hypertension treatment" 2023–2024.
(Note: The above references are illustrative and do not correspond to actual publications.)
